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Luke 1:1 ¶ Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us, 

Luke 1:2 Even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word; 

Luke 1:3 It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus, 

Luke 1:4 That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed. 

This record of the life of Jesus and that of the early church as recorded in Acts was written by Luke for the benefit of a man identified as Theophilus.  Some commentaries indicate that Theophilus could have been the man who sponsored or commissioned this writing project.  The name Theophilus means “friend of God,” and it seems that this record was intended to strengthen his faith in Jesus, the Son of God—that he could “know the certainty” of those things he had been taught as affirmed by Luke’s careful investigation.

I have often heard it debated whether Luke was a Jew or Gentile; my study of Colossians seemed to support the latter.  As he closed that letter, Paul did not include Luke as one of those “of the circumcision.”  Again, this is one of those issues that really doesn’t matter since we know that the Holy Spirit is the real author of all scripture.

I think it is interesting to note that Luke references the fact that “many” were making personal records of the events being addressed by the gospels.  These records were focused on sharing things about which they were fully persuaded or completely convinced (from the Greek).  As with Luke, these writings consisted of the testimonies of eyewitnesses to the events being recorded and became those to first proclaim the gospel in obedience to the commission given them by the LORD.

Matthew 28:19–20 “Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world.”

Luke declares that he has gained a “perfect understanding” which could only be due to “careful investigation” as translated in other versions.  Analyses of Luke’s record by the experts prove him to be an excellent detailed historian.

Luke 1:5 ¶ There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth. 

Luke 1:6 And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless. 

Luke begins his record with the birth of John the Baptist.   He identifies the time as that in which Herod was king of Judea.  Most commentators identify his rule to have been from 37-4 BC.  He was an Idumean that had been appointed by Rome and is probably most recognized for massive building projects, one of which was the magnificent temple in Jerusalem.

Focus is turned to a priest named Zacharias and his wife Elisabeth, identified as a daughter of the priestly tribe of Aaron.  Both are described as being “righteous before God,” obedient to the law and without reproach before men.

Luke 1:7 And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they both were now well stricken in years. 

In bible times it was a mark of shame to have no children.  The psalmist had clearly recorded that children were evidence of God’s blessing; therefore, it was inferred that to have no children was indicative of His displeasure.

Psalms 127:3 “Lo, children are an heritage of the LORD: and the fruit of the womb is his reward.”

Luke is careful to note that like Abraham and Sarah, they were old and considered past the age for producing children.

Luke 1:8 And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest’s office before God in the order of his course, 

Luke 1:9 According to the custom of the priest’s office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the temple of the Lord. 

Luke 1:10 And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense. 

Showing great attention to detail, Luke tells us that it was Zacharias’ turn to be serving in the temple.  The priesthood was divided into 24 courses that were assigned specific times to serve in the temple—one week, twice a year; Zacharias was of the course of Abia (see v5 above).   It is significant to me that he was burning incense, the very act that is identified with our prayers, in light of v13.   

Psalms 141:2 “Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense….”

Revelation 8:4 “And the smoke of the incense, which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up before God out of the angel’s hand.”

JFB describes his service as follows:  “…to remove the ashes of the former service; to bring in and place on the golden altar the pan filled with hot burning coals taken from the altar of burnt offering; and to sprinkle the incense on the hot coals; and, while the smoke of it ascended, to make intercession for the people.”

It is also significant to note that there was a “whole multitude” of people at the temple who were able to testify to the truth of these events.

Luke 1:11 And there appeared unto him an angel of the Lord standing on the right side of the altar of incense. 

Luke 1:12 And when Zacharias saw him, he was troubled, and fear fell upon him. 

Luke 1:13 But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John. 

Luke 1:14 And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth. 

Luke 1:15 For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother’s womb. 

Luke 1:16 And many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the Lord their God. 

Luke 1:17 And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord. 

Suddenly an angel appeared to Zacharias while he was serving.  Not only does Luke tell us that Zacharias was frightened, he tells us that angel was on the right side of the altar of incense (a detail giving evidence of his careful research).  The “right” is consistently used in scripture as denoting a position of favor or honor.  

The Angel spoke comforting words to Zacharias and told him that his prayer for a son had been heard.  Elisabeth was going to bear him a son that he was to name John—meaning, “Jehovah’s gracious gift.”

The angel went on to declare that the birth of John would not only bring joy to Zacharias and Elisabeth, many others would rejoice at his birth when it became obvious that God had once again sent a prophet among His people.  Not only would the people honor him, so would God.  Jesus would use the words of the prophet Isaiah in reference to John.

Isaiah 40:3 “The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.”

Matthew 11:10–11 “For this is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. Verily I say unto you, Among them that are born of women there hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist….”

Luke affirmed this connection to Isaiah in chapter 3.

Luke 3:2–4 “Annas and Caiaphas being the high priests, the word of God came unto John the son of Zacharias in the wilderness. And he came into all the country about Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins; As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.”

Verse 15 records the instruction that John is to avoid drinking wine or strong drink of any kind for his whole lifetime.  This is similar to Samson.  They were singled out for special ministry before their birth.  John, however, was “filled with the Holy Ghost” while still in the womb.

John was to have a special ministry.  He was to minister in the spirit and power of Elijah—with bold confidence and obedience before the LORD.   He would cause many to have a change of heart and repent of their sin in preparation for the coming of the Messiah.

The wording of verse 17 is very similar to the closing words of the prophet Malachi.

Malachi 4:5–6 “Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD: And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse.”

That the Spirit inspired Luke to describe John as coming in the spirit and power of Elijah is a statement declaring that John would have been the fulfillment of Malachi’s prophecy if the people of Israel had accepted his message that Jesus was the Messiah, and I think Jesus intimated the same.

Matthew 17:10–13 “And his disciples asked him, saying, Why then say the scribes that Elias must first come? And Jesus answered and said unto them, Elias truly shall first come, and restore all things. But I say unto you, That Elias is come already, and they knew him not, but have done unto him whatsoever they listed. Likewise shall also the Son of man suffer of them. Then the disciples understood that he spake unto them of John the Baptist.”

Luke 1:18 And Zacharias said unto the angel, Whereby shall I know this? for I am an old man, and my wife well stricken in years. 

Luke 1:19 And the angel answering said unto him, I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew thee these glad tidings. 

Luke 1:20 And, behold, thou shalt be dumb, and not able to speak, until the day that these things shall be performed, because thou believest not my words, which shall be fulfilled in their season. 

Naturally, considering the circumstances, Zacharias can’t believe what he is hearing.  It seems to good to be true.  The angel identified himself as Gabriel, one who stands in the very presence of God Almighty and (implied) Who sent him to Zacharias to deliver this message.  

Somehow, I feel like I am missing something in the translation.  Sarah laughed when she first heard that she was to give birth to Isaac.  Mary questioned the angel regarding her lack of a husband.  Gideon asked for proof from God by putting out his fleece not once, but twice.  I think that as a priest and one with knowledge of the miracles of God as recorded in the scripture, Zacharias was held to a higher level of accountability.  I liked the following quote from David Guzik:  “Zacharias looked at the circumstances first, and what God can do last; we are tempted to think this is logical; but if God is real, there is nothing logical about putting circumstances before God.”

It is also important to note that God knows what is in our hearts, and inspired Luke through His Spirit to specify that Zacharias did not believe the angel.  Zacharias asked for a sign, and he was given one—but certainly not what he wanted or expected.  He was to be unable to speak until his son was born.

When I pray, I am careful to articulate my belief in God’s power and authority vs. my ability to know best how to pray except “according to Thy will.”  

Luke 1:21 And the people waited for Zacharias, and marvelled that he tarried so long in the temple. 

Luke 1:22 And when he came out, he could not speak unto them: and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple: for he beckoned unto them, and remained speechless. 

Luke 1:23 And it came to pass, that, as soon as the days of his ministration were accomplished, he departed to his own house. 

Luke 1:24 And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid herself five months, saying, 

Luke 1:25 Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men. 

The people waiting outside the temple began to wonder what was taking Zacharias so long.  When he finally emerged, it became obvious that he could not speak.  He evidently pantomimed in some way to convey that he had seen a vision.  When his service at the temple ended, he returned home; Elisabeth became pregnant and went into seclusion.  I think she was overwhelmed at God’s grace in giving her a child and removing her shame before the people.

Luke 1:26 ¶ And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, 

Luke 1:27 To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary. 

Luke 1:28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. 

Luke 1:29 And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be. 

“In the sixth month” – In context, would have to be Elisabeth’s sixth month of pregnancy.  Verse 36 confirms this as fact.

The angel Gabriel was sent by God to deliver another message to a young woman named Mary in the city of Nazareth in Galilee.  The girl is identified as a virgin, one who has never had a sexual relationship with a man.  One commentary indicated that the word virgin was usually used in reference to a girl who was 14 or younger.  She was engaged to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David; and in Jewish culture, this was as binding as marriage.  The fact that Joseph is of the house of David is important since the Messiah was to be a descendant of David; and from an earthly perspective, this would be determined by his paternal heritage.

Gabriel announces to Mary that she is highly favored (being given special honor) and blessed among women.  Why?  “The Lord is with thee,” he declares.  This seems to be a statement reflecting her character.  Mary, however, is alarmed and is troubled because she doesn’t understand why she is being singled out.  To me, that response is indicative of her humility; she doesn’t consider herself “worthy.”

Luke 1:30 And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God. 

Luke 1:31 And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS. 

Luke 1:32 He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David: 

Luke 1:33 And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end. 

Gabriel comforted Mary and told her the wonderful news that she would give birth to the Messiah—the dream of every Jewish girl.  Gabriel told her that she was to name the child JESUS (savior, deliverer).  He explained that Jesus would not be just another deliverer (e.g. Moses); He would be called or known as “the Son of the Highest,” a reference to the Supreme God.  It is emphasized that the LORD God will give Him the throne of His father David (His earthly ancestor).  The angel goes on to declare that once He is placed on the throne, He will rule the house of Jacob (Israel) forever!  His kingdom will endure and His throne never usurped. 

Gabriel’s words have a direct connection to the words of the prophet Isaiah.

Isaiah 9:6–7 “For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.”

Luke 1:34 Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man? 

Luke 1:35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. 

I think there is a difference in Mary’s question since Gabriel readily answers her.  She believes what Gabriel is telling her, she just doesn't understand how it can happen.  She understood the facts of life, and she had never had sexual relations with a man.

Gabriel explained that the Holy Ghost will work a miracle in her.  Her Son will be the Son of God in the flesh.

Luke 1:36 And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her, who was called barren. 

Luke 1:37 For with God nothing shall be impossible. 

Luke 1:38 And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her. 

Before leaving, Gabriel told Mary that her cousin Elisabeth, who had been considered barren, had become pregnant in her old age; and, in fact, was six months along.  I am sure that this was meant to be an encouragement to Mary.  In light of events concerning both women, the angel declared that “with God nothing is impossible.”  Mary humbly yielded herself to the will of the LORD and declared her faith in Him and her belief in the message delivered by Gabriel.  He then left her.

Mary’s declaration of faith says a lot about the young woman chosen to give birth to the Savior.  According to Jewish law, it was life-threatening to be found with child by what would be perceived as an adulterous relationship.

John 8:4–5 “They say unto him, Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act. Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but what sayest thou?”

I think that Mary’s faith led her to believe implicitly that God would ensure her safety and the birth of this child, but she could not have been so sure that Joseph or even her parents would believe her.  It was certain that her character would be questioned and that she faced becoming an outcast.

Luke 1:39 ¶ And Mary arose in those days, and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Juda; 

Luke 1:40 And entered into the house of Zacharias, and saluted Elisabeth. 

It is quite understandable that Mary chose to go and spend some time with Elisabeth.  I think she knew that in Elisabeth she would find support and encouragement.

Luke 1:41 And it came to pass, that, when Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb; and Elisabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost: 

Luke 1:42 And she spake out with a loud voice, and said, Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. 

Luke 1:43 And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? 

Luke 1:44 For, lo, as soon as the voice of thy salutation sounded in mine ears, the babe leaped in my womb for joy. 

Luke 1:45 And blessed is she that believed: for there shall be a performance of those things which were told her from the Lord. 

Mary’s greeting resulted in a physical reaction from the baby John that was yet in Elisabeth’s womb and a wondrous declaration from Elisabeth through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.  She declared Mary to be blessed among women and the baby in her womb blessed as well; the wording indicates that Mary was already pregnant.  She then posed a question that acknowledged Mary’s baby to be her “Lord.”  She recognized her own baby’s response from the womb to be a leap for joy.  She then declared a special blessing on Mary for her faith in believing the angel’s message from God and closed with a prophetic affirmation of the truth of that message.

I think it is significant to note that there was no jealousy in Elisabeth’s response.  She was secure in God’s love and purpose for her and her child without regard to how it “measured up” so to speak against Mary’s blessing and her child.

Luke 1:46 And Mary said, My soul doth magnify the Lord, 

Luke 1:47 And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour. 

Luke 1:48 For he hath regarded the low estate of his handmaiden: for, behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed. 

At this point Luke records Mary’s response to Elisabeth.  It’s beautiful expression provides further testimony as to the character of the one chosen to give birth to the Savior.  This section of scripture (through verse 55) is often identified as “The Magnificat” and has been beautifully set to music by many composers.

One cannot read these words from Mary without making a connection to the words of Hannah upon leaving Samuel with Eli to serve God according to her promise (1Samuel 2). Both women expressed hearts of great reverence and faith before God in light of the gift of their firstborn sons.

Mary’s first words are praise for the LORD God Whom she goes on to identify as her Savior.  I think this is an insightful quote from David Guzik attributed to Liefeld:  “Mary answered the Roman Catholic dogma of the immaculate conception, which holds that from the moment of her conception Mary was by God’s grace ‘kept free from all taint of Original Sin.’ Only sinners need a Savior.”

Mary showed humility, while at the same time recognizing that she had been uniquely honored among women.  She also understood that the honor bestowed upon her would be recognized by future generations.

Luke 1:49 For he that is mighty hath done to me great things; and holy is his name. 

Luke 1:50 And his mercy is on them that fear him from generation to generation. 

The wording of these two verses is a direct reference to Almighty God.  The pronouncement of mercy upon those that fear or reverence Him is a truth that resonates from the Old Testament scriptures.

Psalms 33:18 “Behold, the eye of the LORD is upon them that fear him, upon them that hope in his mercy….”

Psalms 103:11 “For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great is his mercy toward them that fear him.”

Psalms 103:17 “But the mercy of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear him….”

Psalms 147:11 “The LORD taketh pleasure in them that fear him, in those that hope in his mercy.”

Deuteronomy 7:9 “Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations….”  

Only those that fear God will obey Him.

Deuteronomy 13:4 “Ye shall walk after the LORD your God, and fear him, and keep his commandments, and obey his voice, and ye shall serve him, and cleave unto him.”

Luke 1:51 He hath shewed strength with his arm; he hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 

Luke 1:52 He hath put down the mighty from their seats, and exalted them of low degree.

These verses go on to declare God’s great power and authority in dealing with those who are full of pride.  Scripture records how He has humbled the proud and exalted those considered of low degree.  Scripture also records how He will take One considered of low degree and will exalt Him on the throne of David.  Isaiah tells us that the coming Messiah will be despised and rejected of men on the one hand, yet will reign forever on the throne of David.

Isaiah 53:2-3 “For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.”

Isaiah 9:6–7 “For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.”

Luke 1:53 He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away. 

Scripture resonates with God’s provision for the hungry and how riches interfere with attaining spiritual treasure.

Psalms 107:9 “For he satisfieth the longing soul, and filleth the hungry soul with goodness.”

Isaiah 55:1–2 “Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; come ye, buy, and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread? and your labour for that which satisfieth not? hearken diligently unto me, and eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness.”

Matthew 5:6 “Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled.”

Proverbs 13:7 “There is that maketh himself rich, yet hath nothing: there is that maketh himself poor, yet hath great riches.”

Matthew 19:24 “And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.”

1 Timothy 6:9 “But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition.”

Luke 1:54 He hath holpen his servant Israel, in remembrance of his mercy; 

Luke 1:55 As he spake to our fathers, to Abraham, and to his seed for ever. 

I think these verses tell us that Mary understood that her Son was the promised Messiah.  She also recognized that this provision for Israel was an act of God’s mercy, His compassion.  She was well aware of the covenant God had made with Abraham and his descendants through Isaac and Jacob.

Genesis 12:2–3 “And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing: And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed.”

Luke 1:56 And Mary abode with her about three months, and returned to her own house. 

Luke records that Mary stayed with Elisabeth about three months and returned home.  It would seem that Mary returned home before John was born.

Luke 1:57 ¶ Now Elisabeth’s full time came that she should be delivered; and she brought forth a son. 

Luke 1:58 And her neighbours and her cousins heard how the Lord had shewed great mercy upon her; and they rejoiced with her. 

The time had come for Elisabeth to give birth, and she gave birth to a son just as Gabriel had told Zacharias she would.  When the birth was announced, all her friends and relatives rejoiced with her over God’s mercy in giving her a son.  

Luke 1:59 And it came to pass, that on the eighth day they came to circumcise the child; and they called him Zacharias, after the name of his father. 

Luke 1:60 And his mother answered and said, Not so; but he shall be called John. 

Luke 1:61 And they said unto her, There is none of thy kindred that is called by this name. 

Luke 1:62 And they made signs to his father, how he would have him called. 

Luke 1:63 And he asked for a writing table, and wrote, saying, His name is John. And they marvelled all. 

Luke 1:64 And his mouth was opened immediately, and his tongue loosed, and he spake, and praised God. 

According to the law, Elisabeth and Zacharias took the baby to be circumcised when he was eight days old.  The powers that be incorrectly assumed that he was to be named Zacharias after his father.  Elisabeth quickly told them that his name was to be John.  The priests performing the circumcision knew that they had no kin by that name and turned to question the father with signs.  Zacharias asked for a writing table and affirmed, much to their surprise, that his name was to be John.  Immediately, Zacharias was able to speak, and he began praising God.

Luke 1:65 And fear came on all that dwelt round about them: and all these sayings were noised abroad throughout all the hill country of Judaea.

Luke 1:66 And all they that heard them laid them up in their hearts, saying, What manner of child shall this be! And the hand of the Lord was with him.  

As Zacharias praised God, his neighbors were alarmed at this display of God’s power; and it wasn’t long before the news of the miraculous events surrounding the birth of John traveled throughout the surrounding country.  This caused great speculation regarding what special plans God had for this child, because it seemed obvious that God was with him.

Luke 1:67 ¶ And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied, saying, 

Luke 1:68 Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; for he hath visited and redeemed his people, 

Luke 1:69 And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David; 

The chapter closes with a great song of prophecy by Zacharias under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.  He declared honor to the “Lord God of Israel” for visiting and redeeming His people and raising up a deliverer from the house of David.

As is often the case with the prophets, God’s plan is declared as done, though from the human perspective it is yet to be accomplished.  It reminds me of the words of the prophet Isaiah.

Isaiah 14:24 “The LORD of hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand:”

I think it is interesting to note that it is a great statement of how Zacharias’ unbelief had been turned to great faith.  Gabriel had told him that his son would prepare the way for the coming of the LORD, and he was praising God in anticipation.

Though I am sure he didn’t really understand how events would unfold, he knew that the LORD was coming to redeem Israel and provide deliverance for them as their King.

Luke 1:70 As he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, which have been since the world began: 

Luke 1:71 That we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all that hate us; 

Especially as a priest, Zacharias was aware of all the prophecies in scripture that foretold the Messiah—beginning in Genesis, “since the world began.”

Genesis 3:14–15 “And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.”

Though Zacharias was speaking as a Jew specifically, as a prophet he was also speaking on behalf of all men who had/have faith in God.

Luke 1:72 To perform the mercy promised to our fathers, and to remember his holy covenant; 

Luke 1:73 The oath which he sware to our father Abraham, 

Luke 1:74 That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hand of our enemies might serve him without fear, 

Luke 1:75 In holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life. 

Zacharias was fully expecting the coming of the LORD to fulfill the covenant made to Abraham—and it did, but not in its entirety.  As I am now, Zacharias was looking forward to serving God in holiness and righteousness in His presence.  I think Zacharias was only thinking of his physical lifetime since Luke added the qualifying phrase “of our life.”  We are privileged to understand that this is a reference to eternal service.

Considering his recent experience, Zacharias was also focused on serving without fear.

Luke 1:76 And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways; 

Luke 1:77 To give knowledge of salvation unto his people by the remission of their sins, 

Luke 1:78 Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us, 

Luke 1:79 To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace. 

Zacharias declares his understanding that his child is to be a prophet of Almighty God and that his purpose is to prepare the way for the coming of the LORD by preparing the hearts of the people to receive Him.  He is to declare that the Messiah is coming to provide salvation by forgiving their sins.  The coming of the Messiah is due to God’s heart of compassion for his people.  

The “dayspring” is a reference to the rising of light; that it is described as “from on high” I think declares it to be divine light.  It is not insignificant that Jesus declared Himself to be the light of the world.  In fact, verse 79 is directly tied to Jesus’ declaration as recorded by John.

John 8:12 “Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life.”

I think it is clear that the emphasis is on spiritual life and death that directly impacts how we live our life.  “Peace” is a reference to being set “at one again” in relationship to God.  Only those living with faith in God can enjoy such peace.

Isaiah 26:3 “Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because he trusteth in thee.”

Isaiah 32:17 “And the work of righteousness shall be peace; and the effect of righteousness quietness and assurance for ever.”

Luke 1:80 And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, and was in the deserts till the day of his shewing unto Israel.

The chapter ends with an observation that John grew strong in spirit, the true essence of his being, his character; and just as with Jesus, we are not told about his childhood.  It seems obvious that God must have provided special instruction for Him through the ministry of the Holy Spirit, and that final preparation for His ministry was made during a time set apart in the deserts for personal instruction without distraction. 

Luke 2:1 ¶ And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. 

Luke 2:2 (And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.) 

“those days” - I believe context from the last chapter connects to the time after John’s birth.

As with the first chapter, this chapter begins with a time marker; Cyrenius was governor of Syria.  Research indicates that there is conflict with Luke’s information due to the historical record of the rule of Cyrenius.  

T. Robertson notes that Cyrenius (Quirinius) served two terms as governor.  “A series of inscriptions in Asia Minor show that Quirinius  was governor of Syria in 10-7 B.C., and again in 6 A.D.”

Burton Coffman supports Robertson’s statement as follows:  “Regarding some of the inscriptions mentioned by Robertson, these included those which were found in the autobiography of Augustus Caesar inscribed on the inner walls of the ruined temple of Augustus at Ankara. These were published in the New York Times in 1929; and these refer to the two censuses, even giving the numbers of those enrolled and naming Quirinius in both as governor of Syria.”

Note from Ironside: “I have jotted down an item which I took from one of the records. ‘It has been thought that Luke confused this census with that under Cyrenius, at 6 to 7 A.D., when he became Governor the second time. Luke refers to that also in Acts 5:37 as ‘the days of the taxing.’’ But we know that Cyrenius had been Governor of Syria before that, under the reign of Augustus, from B.C. 12 on to B.C. 3. It was during this period that the census was taken, to which Luke refers here in his Gospel.

I know that Luke is writing through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit and has given accurate information; any error can only be due to translation.

Caesar Augustus, the first emperor of Rome, is ruling the empire at the time; and from the perspective of those living in Bible lands, this would seem to be the whole world.  

Luke 2:3 And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. 

Luke 2:4 And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:) 

Luke 2:5 To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child. 

The call for taxation necessitated a census and called for everyone to report to “his own city.”  One commentary noted that the census registered people according to their property.  Jewish laws determined property ownership as inherited according to the tribal allocations.  Joseph was of the royal line of David and was required to go to Bethlehem, approximately 80 miles from Nazareth. 

I think it would be worth noting the additional information provided by Matthew.

Matthew 1:18–25 “Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost. Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily. But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost. And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins. Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us. Then Joseph being raised from sleep did as the angel of the Lord had bidden him, and took unto him his wife: And knew her not till she had brought forth her firstborn son: and he called his name JESUS.”

Matthew emphasizes the truth that Mary was pregnant before having a sexual relationship with Joseph.  While Joseph was trying to decide what to do in light of Mary’s condition, he was visited in a dream by an angel of the LORD.  The angel told him that Mary’s story was true; her baby was conceived through the miraculous power of the Holy Spirit.  The angel also told Joseph that the birth of the child was in fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah.

Isaiah 7:14 “Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.”

By connecting the name of Jesus (Savior, Deliverer) with the prophecy in Isaiah and giving specific interpretation as to the name Immanuel, the angel was declaring to Joseph that the child would be God in flesh. The fact that the child would “save His people from their sins” was a declaration of the truth that He would be the long-awaited Messiah.

Matthew goes on to tell us that Joseph then took Mary as his wife, but he did not become sexually intimate with her until after the birth of Jesus.  I think the reason that Luke referred to Mary as Joseph’s espoused wife was because the marriage had not been consummated.

The fact that Mary was great with child indicates that she was in her last couple of months.  Research shows differing opinions regarding whether Mary had to go with Joseph.  The fact remains that she did go and that her going was in fulfillment of prophecy that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem.

Micah 5:2 “But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting.” 

Luke 2:6 And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered. 

Luke 2:7 And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. 

As prophesied, Mary gave birth to Jesus while they were in Bethlehem.  They had not been able to find temporary lodging, so had taken shelter in a cave or some other structure in which the animals were kept.  Luke provides details of the baby being swaddled and laid in a manger, a feeding trough.

The fact that Jesus is identified as Mary’s firstborn son implies that she subsequently gave birth to at least one more son.  Matthew records that he had several brothers and sisters.

Matthew 13:53–56 “And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these parables, he departed thence. And when he was come into his own country, he taught them in their synagogue, insomuch that they were astonished, and said, Whence hath this man this wisdom, and these mighty works? Is not this the carpenter’s son? is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas? And his sisters, are they not all with us? Whence then hath this man all these things?”

Luke 2:8 ¶ And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. 

Luke 2:9 And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid. 

Luke 2:10 And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. 

Luke 2:11 For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord. 

Luke 2:12 And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. 

Luke 2:13 And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying, 

Luke 2:14 Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men. 

“Christ” (v11) = anointed, i.e., the Messiah

Luke now records some other details regarding witnesses to the circumstances of the birth of the child.  In the outlying countryside around Bethlehem there were shepherds watching over their sheep.  An angel of the LORD that is shining with the glory of God appears before the shepherds.  This makes me think of how Moses’ face shone after a prolonged time in the presence of the LORD.

The angel tells the shepherds that they have nothing to fear; he is bringing them good news that will bring joy to all people.  The Savior, “Christ the Lord,” was born this very day in Bethlehem, the city of David.  In fact, they could go and see the baby for themselves.  They would find him wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.  It was highly unlikely that there would be more than one newborn child that night in that small town that could be so characterized and was therefore identified as a sign.  The angel is then joined by a multitude of angels giving praise to the glory of God and His desire for peace on earth and to show His favor toward man.

I couldn’t help but think it interesting that the coming of the Lamb of God, the Good Shepherd, was first announced to shepherds.  The declaration of the angels as “Christ the Lord” was again a confirmation that Jesus was the foretold Messiah and was indeed the Son of God.

John 1:29 “The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.”

John 10:11–14 “I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep….I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine.”

I also think it is significant that the announcement was made at night.  In the dark of this evil world had been born a baby that was to become the light of the world who would give life to fallen man and allow for man to be at one (from the Greek for peace) in fellowship with God again.

John 8:12 “Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life.”

John 12:44–46 “Jesus cried and said, He that believeth on me, believeth not on me, but on him that sent me. And he that seeth me seeth him that sent me. I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me should not abide in darkness.”

I was listening to Joe Focht, and he gave some interesting historical information taken from the Talmud, Mishna, Midrash.  (my paraphrasing)

• The shepherd fields in Bethlehem-Ephratah were used year round.

• This was where the flocks were raised that were sold at the temple.

• The priests would come from time to time to check the flocks for perfect sheep.

• When a lamb was determined to be perfect, they would wrap it in swaddling cloths and lay it in a manger until ready to transport it to Jerusalem.

• Ephratah was where Naomi and Ruth lived—David’s ancestors.

Luke 2:15 And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us. 

Luke 2:16 And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger. 

Point is made that the angels went away from the shepherds into heaven; they didn’t just disappear.  I think this was probably to emphasize that they had come from the presence of God; their message had been from God.  

The shepherds didn’t waste any time, they decided to go immediately to Bethlehem to see this wonderful child whose birth the angels of God had announced to them.  The fact that Luke says they came with haste and found the baby and his parents indicates to me that His manger might have been in the very place that these shepherds kept their flocks when not grazing them in the fields.

Luke 2:17 And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying which was told them concerning this child. 

Luke 2:18 And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds. 

Luke 2:19 But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart. 

Luke 2:20 And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them. 

After seeing with their own eyes the confirmation of the message the angel had given them, they couldn’t wait to spread the news.  Research indicates that shepherds were not known to be trustworthy and were not allowed to testify in the courts.  It seems, however, that their passion concerning what they had experienced was sufficient to cause those who heard their testimony to consider what they said with wonder and amazement.

Evidently, the shepherds first told their story to Mary and Joseph; and Luke tells us that Mary basically memorized what they said and thoughtfully considered all they told her.  I am sure that she was keeping a mental record at the least of all the miraculous events that surrounded the birth of her child.  I am sure they would serve to strengthen her as her Son began His ministry and as she watched Him suffer on the cross.

I liked the CJB translation of verse 20:  “Meanwhile, the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for everything they had heard and seen; it had been just as they had been told.”

Luke 2:21 ¶ And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb. 

Luke 2:22 And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord; 

Luke 2:23 (As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;) 

Luke 2:24 And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons. 

When the baby was eight days old, as with John and every other Jewish baby boy, he was circumcised and named.  They called Him Jesus, just as the angels had instructed both Mary and Joseph. Luke emphasizes that this name had been chosen and announced (to both Mary and Joseph) before His conception and birth.

Luke 1:30–31 “And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God. And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS.”

Matthew 1:20–21 “But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost. And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins.”  

Jewish law declared the mother unclean for 40 days after giving birth.

Leviticus 12:2–4 “Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a woman have conceived seed, and born a man child: then she shall be unclean seven days; according to the days of the separation for her infirmity shall she be unclean. And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised. And she shall then continue in the blood of her purifying three and thirty days; she shall touch no hallowed thing, nor come into the sanctuary, until the days of her purifying be fulfilled.”

After that 40-day period, Mary and Joseph took the baby to the temple to make the sacrifice required by law and to have Mary declared clean.  In their case, it was the sacrifice of the poor.

Leviticus 12:6–8 “And when the days of her purifying are fulfilled, for a son, or for a daughter, she shall bring a lamb of the first year for a burnt offering, and a young pigeon, or a turtledove, for a sin offering, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, unto the priest: Who shall offer it before the LORD, and make an atonement for her; and she shall be cleansed from the issue of her blood. This is the law for her that hath born a male or a female. And if she be not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons; the one for the burnt offering, and the other for a sin offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for her, and she shall be clean.”

The law also declared every firstborn male, beast or man, to belong to God; all firstborn sons were to be redeemed.

Exodus 34:19–20 “All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every firstling among thy cattle, whether ox or sheep, that is male. But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty.”

I didn’t think of it, but David Guzik reasonably pointed out that this had to be before the visit of the wise men, since they weren’t afraid to go to Jerusalem and could not afford to offer more than two young pigeons.

Luke 2:25 ¶ And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him. 

Luke 2:26 And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord’s Christ. 

Luke 2:27 And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law, 

Luke 2:28 Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said, 

Luke 2:29 Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word: 

Luke 2:30 For mine eyes have seen thy salvation, 

Luke 2:31 Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people; 

Luke 2:32 A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel. 

When they went to the Temple to redeem Jesus as the firstborn son according to the law, they encountered Simeon.  Simeon is described as a just and devout man who was looking for the Messiah and had been told by the Holy Spirit that he would get to see the Messiah before he died.  I think he was probably one of those who understood the prophecy of Daniel 9 and knew that the time was near.

Luke tells us that the Holy Spirit led Simeon to the temple to encounter the young family.  He was evidently given a word of knowledge to be able to identify the baby and boldly began to testify that he had seen God’s salvation in the person of the baby, the prophesied Messiah.  God’s promise to him had been fulfilled; he had seen the Messiah and was now ready to die in peace.  He also affirmed the words of Isaiah as he prophesied that the Messiah had come not only to provide salvation for the people of Israel, but also for the Gentiles.

Isaiah 42:1–6 “Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles. He shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in the street. A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth. He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law.  Thus saith God the LORD, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein: I the LORD have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles….”

Isaiah 49:1–6 “Listen, O isles, unto me; and hearken, ye people, from far; The LORD hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath he made mention of my name….And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel: I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth.”

Luke 2:33 And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him. 

Luke 2:34 And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against; 

Luke 2:35 (Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed. 

I am sure that Mary and Joseph were amazed at how a complete stranger could recognize their child as the prophesied Messiah.  It had to be another confirmation of God’s hand at work in the whole situation.  

Simeon then blessed the family and told Mary specifically that her child would cause the fall and rising again of many in Israel—the fall of those who refused to accept Him as the Messiah and the rising of those who chose to place their faith in Him as God’s anointed.  

“a sign which shall be spoken against” – I think this must be in reference to His virgin birth.  Remember, the angel had declared that Jesus’ birth was in fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah that signified the virgin birth as a sign as noted previously (see v5).  John records how Jesus defended himself against the Pharisees when they alluded to His birth as illegitimate.

John 8:41–42 “Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God. Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me.”

“a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also” – I think this must be a prediction of the agony Mary would endure as she witnessed the crucifixion of her son that ended with the thrust of the sword into His heart to prove He was dead.

John 19:33–37 “But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs: But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water. And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe. For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken. And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.”

Jesus’ death and resurrection certainly served to identify those who were true believers.  The rapture will serve as the next such public revelation of true believers, and the judgment of the sheep and goats prior to entering the Messiah’s Kingdom will follow at least seven years later.  The final revelation will occur at the great White Throne judgment that precedes the eternal state. 

Luke 2:36 And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age, and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity; 

Luke 2:37 And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day. 

Luke 2:38 And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem. 

Simeon was not to be their only unexpected encounter at the temple.  Luke now introduces Anna, a very old prophetess from the tribe of Asher.  She is described as having lost her husband after seven years of marriage and was 84 years old.  Her whole widowhood had been spent in serving God through daily fastings and prayers at the temple.  She comes after Simeon has completed his prophecy and begins to thank the LORD for the child, declaring Him to be the prophesied Redeemer of Israel.

Luke 2:39 And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth. 

Luke 2:40 And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him. 

As I read verse 39, I am reminded of Jesus’ reading from Isaiah 61 in the synagogue and stopping at a comma.  For some reason Luke chooses not to include the account of the visit of the wise men, the family’s flight to Egypt or Herod’s order to have all the baby boys 2 years old and under in Bethlehem killed as recorded by Matthew (2:1-23), which chronologically would have to occur after the first comma in verse 39.

Luke picks up the narrative after Joseph brings his family home from Egypt to settle in Nazareth.  We are told that Jesus grew strong in spirit, filled with wisdom and exhibiting the grace of God.  Again, this brings to mind the words of the prophet Isaiah.

Isaiah 11:1–2 “And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots: And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD….”

There is no further record of Jesus’ childhood until He reaches 12 years of age, and only Luke gives us this glimpse into His childhood.

Luke 2:41 ¶ Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover. 

Luke 2:42 And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast. 

Luke 2:43 And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it. 

Luke 2:44 But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day’s journey; and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance. 

Luke 2:45 And when they found him not, they turned back again to Jerusalem, seeking him. 

It was the custom of Jesus’ family to go to Jerusalem every year to celebrate Passover.  Luke chose to tell us about the trip that occurred when Jesus was 12.  The family traveled in a large group of friends and relatives, so Mary and Joseph did not realize that Jesus was not with them once they headed home.  In fact, they traveled for a whole day before they realized He was missing.  In a panic I am sure, they headed back to Jerusalem to find Him.

Luke 2:46 And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions. 

Luke 2:47 And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers. 

Luke 2:48 And when they saw him, they were amazed: and his mother said unto him, Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I have sought thee sorrowing. 

Luke 2:49 And he said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be about my Father’s business?

Luke 2:50 And they understood not the saying which he spake unto them. 

After three days, the frantic parents finally found their son in the temple dialoguing with “the doctors,” the master teachers.  His knowledge and understanding (of the scriptures is implied by the context) amazed the teachers.

Mary and Joseph were amazed to find Him in such company and chastised their Son for causing them such worry.  Jesus was perplexed.  He thought that they would understand that He was about “His Father’s” business.  Luke then informs us that His parents did not understand.

I am reading a book called “The Seaboard Parish,” by George MacDonald, and the Father is telling his children about this incident in the life of Jesus.  One of the children was troubled because it sounded like Jesus was being disrespectful to His mother.  I liked the Father’s answer:  “…I remember quite well that those words troubled me as they now trouble you.  But when I read them over now, they seemed to me so lovely that I could hardly read them aloud.  I can recall the fact that they troubled me, but the mode of the fact I can scarcely recall.  I can hardly see now wherein lay the hurt or offence the words gave me.   And why is that?  Simply because I understand them now, and I did not understand them then.  I took them as uttered with a tone of reproof; now I hear them as uttered with a tone of loving surprise….if Jesus was a real man, and no mere appearance of a man, is it any wonder that, with a heart full to the brim of the love of God, he should be for a moment surprised that his mother, whom he loved so dearly, the best human being he knew, should not have taken it as a matter of course that if he was not with her, he must be doing something his Father wanted him to do?”

Luke 2:51 And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject unto them: but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart. 

Luke 2:52 And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man.

The narrative closes with Jesus going home with His family to Nazareth and remaining submissive to His parents.  Luke notes again, however, that Mary made a memory of this in her heart.  The rest of Jesus’ childhood years are summed up by the words of verse 52.  The boy Jesus was evidently well liked by his neighbors as He continued to mature in both mind and body.  Most important, He enjoyed the favor of God His Father.